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Endoscopy has fundamentally changed the field of medicine, allowing doctors to use a camera located at the end of a slender wire to observe the inside of a patient's body without the need for major surgery. Engineers have further developed endoscopic technology, creating the most precise way to see individual cells

This needle like structure is capable of imaging individual cancer cells and can be used in organs that are not typically accessible with endoscopes, such as the brain. The trauma generated by this ultra fine endoscope is much smaller than that of a regular endoscope. A typical endoscope consists of multiple beams, some of which transmit illumination light and others are used to transmit back captured images. The more fibers in an endoscope, the higher the resolution of the image, but at the same time, it also increases the volume of the endoscope.

The new endoscope manufactured by the research team only uses a bundle of multimode optical fibers. Multimode fiber can transmit multiple light rays simultaneously, where 'mode' refers to the path taken by the light rays. They were able to use such a fiber optic cable to simultaneously transmit light for illumination and feedback images. In order to make it work properly, the team created an optical component called 'spatial light'. This component is capable of emitting a continuous laser beam that propagates along a random path along the fiber optic cable. Due to this random path, once light exits the fiber, a speckle pattern is generated, in which some of the light is reflected back into the fiber. A computer program is developed to analyze the returned speckle pattern and obtain an image. The image resolution generated by this new technology is even better than expected, allowing for clear visualization of individual cells.